PSG has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.